LVG B.I
role : two-seat unarmed reconnaissance
first flight : operational : June 1914
country : Germany
design : Franz Schneider
production : 110 aircraft
general information :
The Luft-Verkehrs Gesellschaft produced the D.IV biplane in early 1914. It was accepted by the German army and was given designation B.I. Used before the war as a training aircraft, but at outbreak of war it was used for reconnaissance at the front. On 31 August 1914, 84 LVG B.I’s flew at the front, the numbers reached a peak on 30 April 1915 with 174 Stus, then the number on the front quickly decreased. June 1915 flew Immelman a LVG B. I, he was attacked by Farman MF. 11 . This could well have been a MF.11bis which has a higher calculated ceiling (4475m) and higher max speed 116 km/hr. The LVG B.I was mainly deployed on the Eastern Front. The B.I formed the basis for the famous LVG C-series.
users : Germany
crew : 2
armament : no fixed armament
engine : 1 Mercedes D.I liquid-cooled 6 -cylinder inline engine 100 [hp](73.6 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 14.54 [m], length : 7.81 [m], height : 2.95[m]
wing area : 40.04 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 1075 [kg]
empty weight operational : 710 [kg] bombload : 0 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 105 [km/hr] at sea-level
climbing speed : 89 [m/min]
service ceiling : unknown
endurance : 4.0 [hours]
estimated action radius : 189 [km]
description :
2-bay biplane with fixed landing gear and tail strut
two spar upper and lower wing
engines, landing gear, fuel and bombs in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrew with max. efficiency :0.62 [ ]
estimated diameter airscrew 2.76 [m]
angle of attack prop : 13.17 [ ]
fine pitch
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1150 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 1.52 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 169 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 1.38 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 1.49 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 10.56 []
estimated gap : 2.04 [m]
gap/chord : 1.48 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 335 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 1.7 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 24.8 [kg/hr] (33.9 [litre/hr]) at 79 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 3.81 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 154 [litre] (113 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 191.2 [kg] = 2.60 [kg/KW]
weight 11 litre oil tank : 0.9 [kg]
oil tank filled with 0.6 litre oil : 0.5 [kg]
oil in engine 4 litre oil : 3.7 [kg]
fuel in engine 1 litre fuel : 0.4 [kg]
weight 14 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 2.2 [kg]
weight radiator : 10.5 [kg]
weight exhaust pipes & fuel lines 9.0 [kg]
weight cowling 2.9 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 16.9 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 237 [kg](22.1 [%])
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fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 7.30 [cm]): 106 [kg]
bracing : 5.9 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 11.5 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 3.7 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 6.5 [kg]
weight seats : 6.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 5.1 [kg]
weight 139 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 11.2 [kg]
weight engine mounts & firewalls : 4 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 148 [kg](13.8 [%])
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weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 26 [kg]
total weight ribs (64 ribs) : 64 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 701.7 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 206.8 [N]
total weight 8 spars : 85 [kg]
weight wings : 175 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 4.36 [kg]
weight 8 interplane struts & cabane : 42.6 [kg]
weight cables (85 [m]) : 11.4 [kg] (= 134 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 4.7 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (2.5 [m2]) : 11.1 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (4.5 [m2]): 19.9 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 259 [kg] (24.1 [%])
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weight armament : 0 [kg]
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wheel pressure : 537.5 [kg]
weight 2 wheels (710 [mm] by 85 [mm]) : 23.1 [kg]
weight tailskid : 3.1 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 29.3 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 55.5 [kg] (5.2 [%]
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calculated empty weight : 701 [kg](65.2 [%])
weight oil for 4.8 hours flying : 8.1 [kg]
weight cooling fluids : 15.9 [kg]
weight automatic pistol with spare magazines : 1.2 [kg]
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calculated operational weight empty : 726 [kg] (67.5 [%])
published operational weight empty : 710 [kg] (66.0 [%])
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weight crew : 162 [kg]
weight fuel for 2.0 hours flying : 50 [kg]
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operational weight : 938 [kg](87.2 [%])
estimated bomb load : 50 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 988 [kg]
weight camera : 20 [kg]
operational weight photo mission : 958 [kg]
fuel reserve : 63 [kg] enough for 2.54 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 54 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 1075 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 1075 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (operational without bombload) : 12.75 [kg/kW]
total power : 73.6 [kW] at 1150 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 1.4 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 3.75 [g] ultimate load : 5.6 [g] load factor : 2.5 [g]
design flight time : 3.20 [hours]
design cycles : 438 sorties, design hours : 1400 [hours]
operational wing loading : 235 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 161 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.10 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 11.15 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 3.80 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.11 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.44 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0106 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0746 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0640 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 66 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 79 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) = minimum speed*1.1 at cruise height : 76 [km/hr] at 1000 [m] (power:54 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 76 [km/hr] at 1000 [m] (power:54 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 66.8 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 94 [km/hr] op 1000 [m] (power:74 [%])
design speed prop : 100 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 105 [km/hr] op 100 [m] (power:99 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 135 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 196 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 8.54 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 3925 [m] with flying weight :818 [kg]
practical ceiling (operational weight): 3075 [m] with flying weight :938 [kg]
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 2300 [m] with flying weight :1050 [kg]
published ceiling (0 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 12.92 [min]
max. dive speed : 256.4 [km/hr] at 1300 [m] height
load factor at max. angle turn 1.59 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 47 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 12.4 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 4.54 [hours] with 2 crew and 74 [kg] useful (bomb)load and 100.0 [%] fuel
published endurance : 4.00 [hours] with 2 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 88 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 318 [km] with 2 crew and 20[kg] photo camera/radio transmitter or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 367 [litre] fuel : 1025 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 138 [kg]
production : 13.03 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 2.04 [kg]
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Literature :
de.wikepedia.org
Jane’s FAWOI page 172
WWIaviation.com
German aircraft of the first world war page 169, 472df
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
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(c) B van der Zalm 29 Oktober 2019 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4